Our immune system is much older than we think. Long before dinosaurs existed, early life forms had developed a powerful ...

Different pathways within the cell are activated or silenced dependent on the external signals acting on a cell. One such pathway includes the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway which acts ...

The immune system has two separate responses, which are orchestrated to optimize protection against pathogens. The first response is known as innate immunity. This first wave of protection provides ...

When pathogens attack the body, the innate immune system goes to work protecting against the invading disease. The innate immune system is the first line of defense. It detects precisely what the ...

Surfactant proteins, notably SP-A and SP-D, are integral to pulmonary innate immunity. Traditionally recognised for reducing surface tension in the lung, these molecules have emerged as key mediators ...

This article was published in Scientific American’s former blog network and reflects the views of the author, not necessarily those of Scientific American The very first line of defence against any ...

When a transplanted organ arrives, it’s like a controlled burn that risks becoming a wildfire. The body’s innate immune system senses damage signals, like heat shock proteins (HSP70), and sounds the ...

Cancer immunotherapy, which primes the body's immune system to fight off tumors, has historically focused on harnessing T cells' natural ability to recognize and attack cancer cells. While this ...

People with hard-to-treat asthma often have to use medicines such as systemic steroids that broadly suppress the immune ...