Biological tissues have a remarkable ability to organize and change shape, driven by forces generated by their own cells. One of the major challenges in bioengineering is harnessing this natural ...

The complex 3D shapes of brains, lungs, eyes, hands, and other vital bodily structures emerge from the way in which flat 2D sheets of cells fold during embryonic development. Now, researchers at ...

Re-engineering force-regulating proteins inside cells to control their behavior with specific wavelengths of light. Side view of a small group of optogenetically activated cells forming a furrow ...