Graph limit theory provides a rigorous framework for analysing sequences of large graphs by representing them as continuous objects known as graphons – symmetric measurable functions on the unit ...

This study sheds new light on the stability of random structures. It not only provides tools to predict and prevent collapse, but also shows how imperfect systems can be optimised through a better ...

CSP is typically conducted in two stages: structure exploration and structure relaxation. In the first stage, a large number of potential structures are generated, often at random, for which various ...

Penn-led researchers have shown for the first time that multiple, information-carrying light signals can be safely guided through chip-based, reconfigurable networks using topology, the esoteric ...