Researchers developed a model showing the ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces to redirect the propagation of radio waves, which could improve the signal. A method to analytically express ...

(a) Unit optimization process with a hybrid continuous-discrete PSO algorithm. The particulars of the yellow and green boxes in the optimization are elaborated in (b) and (c), respectively. (b) The ...

Recently, a new technology named reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is emerging as a potential candidate for 6G network. An RIS is usually designed as a reflective array equipped with a large ...