This didactic article aims to provide a gentle introduction to penalized splines as a way of estimating nonlinear growth curves in which many observations are collected over time on a single or ...

ABSTRACT: The aim of this paper is to approximate the solution of system of fractional delay differential equations. Our technique relies on the use of suitable spline functions of polynomial form. We ...

This example illustrates some properties of splines. Splines are curves, which are usually required to be continuous and smooth. Splines are usually defined as piecewise polynomials of degree n with ...

Skinning (or lofting) is a prevailing method in surface generation by passing through a series of curves, wherein the curves are called cross section curves [1]. This method is widely used in the ...