The emergence of the Isthmus of Panama represents one of the most influential geological events in Cenozoic Earth history, reshaping ocean currents, climate, terrestrial corridors and marine gateways.

Island biogeography examines how species colonise, diversify and vanish in isolated environments. Classical theory emphasises the roles of island size and distance from the mainland in determining ...

Derived from a meeting held at Harvard in October 2007 to celebrate the fortieth anniversary of the publication of The theory of island biogeography, by Robert H. MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson.