A recent study has found that a specific single-celled organism has the capacity for Pavlovian associative learning without a brain or even a neuron.

A sense of time is fundamental to how we understand, recall, and interact with the world. Tasks ranging from holding a conversation to driving a car require us to remember and perceive how long things ...

A research team at Tohoku University and Future University Hakodate has demonstrated that living biological neurons can be ...