Joel is an internationally recognized expert in the areas of security, networking and messaging. Follow him on X (formerly Twitter) @joelsnyder. Building enterprise networks with routers and switches ...

The Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP) is a standard protocol for tunneling L2 traffic over an IP network. Its ability to carry almost any L2 data format over IP or other L3 networks makes it ...

July 24: Hemi Labs announced the Hemi Network, "a modular layer-2 blockchain network focused on delivering superior scaling, security, and interoperability between Bitcoin and Ethereum." According to ...

The Lightning Network, a Layer 2 protocol for scaling the Bitcoin network with fast, cheap, and private transactions, now holds over 2,200 BTC in its channels. The scaling solution proposed in 2015 by ...

Layer-2 solutions face the prospect of striking a tough balance. On one hand, they must continue to strive for scalability ...

When working with TCP/IP, the model is simplified to four layers plus the physical layer as shown in Figure 2-4. This figure depicts the encapsulation process with protocol overhead down to Ethernet, ...

Coinbase has launched "Base," an Ethereum scaling network, which is already competitive with other top ETH L2 chains. As a single sequencer chain, Coinbase controls how fee revenue from network ...