Genes hold the recipe for proteins, which are made of amino acids. DNA only has four letters, or nucleotides, and each sequence of three nucleotide bases, or codon, encodes for one amino acid. There ...

New research suggests that autoimmune diseases may be driven by DNA mutations in immune cells that remove the natural brakes on the immune system. It reveals a previously hidden role for somatic ...

For example, synonymous mutations are generally ignored in the study of disease-causing mutations, but they might be an underappreciated and common mechanism." In the past decade, anecdotal evidence ...