Abstract: A key component of graph-based SLAM systems is the ability to detect loop closures in a trajectory to reduce the drift accumulated over time from the odometry. Most LiDAR-based methods ...

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Elysse Bell is a finance and business writer for Investopedia. She writes about small business, personal finance, technology, and more. Dr. JeFreda R. Brown is a financial consultant, Certified ...

Abstract: Indoor localization by smartphones has indicated its promising application prospect in daily life. Smartphone-based pedestrian dead reckoning (PDR) is a ...